# the Prosecution Project

> The Prosecution Project (tPP) is a long-term, Open-Source Intelligence research platform tracking and providing an analysis of felony criminal cases involving illegal political violence, terrorism, and extremism occurring in the United States since 1990.

> Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.4, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://theprosecutionproject.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Project Blog](https://theprosecutionproject.org/blogs/)
- [Why is tPP excluding leftist events? Answer: It is not.](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2026/05/01/why-is-tpp-excluding-leftist-events-answer-it-is-not/): As has happened in the past, tPP is currently being defamed and intentionally mischaracterized in a series of viral news stories. These stories repeat several false claims we will briefly address below: Claim: tPP excludes the killing of Charlie Kirk, and this proves its data is biased. False. Robinson is included here: https://data.theprosecutionproject.org/?tab=In+Progress&currentPage=1&numShown=10&search=tyler+james+robinson&showAll=true Claim: tPP
- [Crisis Pregnancy Centers and the FACE Act: An emerging area of political violence prosecution](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2024/06/10/crisis-pregnancy-centers-and-the-face-act-an-emerging-area-of-political-violence-prosecution/): Crisis Pregnancy Centers and the FACE Act: An emerging area of political violence prosecution Caroline Hecht What is the purpose of the FACE Act? The law, which stands for the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances, was passed in 1994 amid a spike in violence at anti-abortion protests. In two instances, protestors blocking exits from
- [The Prosecution Project is Seeking a New Director of Audits](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2024/03/28/the-prosecution-project-is-seeking-a-new-director-of-audits/): The Prosecution Project is hiring a new Director of Audits. Come join an amazing team, and get some applied, real world experience investigating and analyzing political violence! See details on the position below and let us know if you have any questions! The Prosecution Project (tPP) is Seeking a New Director of Audits Position
- [tPP Launches Data Visualization in Open-Source Database](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2024/02/19/tpp-launches-data-visualization-in-open-source-database/): Welcome to tPP’s new and improved open-source dataset! tPP is proud to introduce a data visualization tool integrated within our open-source database. In addition to already available query and filtering functions, users can now “choose their own path” and configure the data in any way by using any combination of available variables. Our new data
- [Tracking federal and non-federal cases related to Summer-Fall protests, riots, & uprisings](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/12/22/tracking-federal-cases-related-to-summer-protests-riots-uprisings/): Latest update: December 29, 2022 Original post: July 1, 2020 Since the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020 by Minneapolis police and the resulting waves of protests nationwide, tPP has fielded many requests to help provide a count of resulting felony cases. The early summer protests, riots, and sporadic uprisings resulted in over
- [Prosecution Data: Capitol Siege of January 6, 2021](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/01/14/prosecution-data-capitol-siege-of-january-6-2021/): Updated: April 07, 2023 On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol building was breached by demonstrators as part of an attempt by supporters of President Trump to overturn the 2020 presidential election. Over one hundred law enforcement officers and an unknown number of demonstrators were injured, and four demonstrators and one police officer were
- [tPP Publishes Data for Public Use](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2023/06/05/tpp-publishes-data-for-public-use/): Since its inception in 2017, the Prosecution Project (tPP) has aimed to make all of its data available online, for free in an accessible format. tPP is excited to announce that our data is officially published to browse and download on our website here. The public can now access tPP's unique set of data to supplement their
- [tPP Celebrates 5 Year Anniversary](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2022/03/21/tpp-celebrates-5-year-anniversary/): A message from our Executive Director, Michael Loadenthal: "This week marks five years since we began the Prosecution Project in a squatted classroom in Ohio. This has meant five years of volunteers working on a daily basis to produce knowledge for the general public. Five years of late nights and early mornings to check court
- [Expanding the tPP Team](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/12/16/expanding-the-tpp-team/): After putting out a call in early November for new applicants to join the tPP team, we are excited to welcome our new cohort of team members for the upcoming term! In all, we will be adding upwards of 15 new team members to begin work as pre-coders in 2022. At this time, we have
- [USA v. Hammoud et al: A Lesson on Auditing Group Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/06/28/usa-v-hammoud-et-al-a-lesson-on-auditing-group-cases/): USA v. Hammoud et al: A Lesson on Auditing Group Cases Sara Godfrey On February 25, 2003, Mohamad Youssef Hammoud was sentenced to 1,860 months in prison, constituting the first conviction under a 1996 federal law prohibiting aid to designated terrorist groups. 1 Facing in prison 155 years on charges including, Trafficking Contraband Cigarettes (18:2342.f
- [Tactic and Target Selection in White Supremacist versus Eco-Terrorist Organizations](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/06/07/tactic-and-target-selection-in-white-supremacist-versus-eco-terrorist-organizations/): Tactic and Target Selection in White Supremacist versus Eco-Terrorist Organizations Izzy Bielamowicz Without proper distinction between separate ideological affiliations, terrorism becomes an oversimplified subset of political violence. This lack of differentiation within the subject of terrorism runs the risk of creating a false synonymy between different groups. While some organizations may have distinct similarities, there
- [What is Terrorism? The Defining Elements of an Evolving Concept](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/05/19/what-is-terrorism-the-defining-elements-of-an-evolving-concept/): What is Terrorism? The Defining Elements of an Evolving Concept Morgan Demboski Government officials, law enforcement, and scholars have long struggled to come up with an internationally accepted definition of terrorism. The term is a very ambiguous one - what is terrorism and who is a terrorist depends entirely on the subjective view of the
- [Far-Right Extremist Use of Bitcoin and Dark Web Platforms: The Dark Network Links of tPP Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/03/15/far-right-extremist-use-of-bitcoin-and-dark-web-platforms-the-dark-network-links-of-tpp-cases/): Far-Right Extremist Use of Bitcoin and Dark Web Platforms: The Dark Network Links of tPP Cases Meg Drown There has been a mass movement by far-right extremists to dark web social media platforms and an increased use of cryptocurrencies as a means to crowdsource. This move has largely been due to the initiatives of big
- [The Qualifications of a Combat Veteran](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/18/the-qualifications-of-a-combat-veteran/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team. The Qualifications of a Combat Veteran Stephanie Sorich While coding our most previous group of cases, my coding partner, Zion, and I got into a discussion about the way to code for veteran status and combat veteran for this particular group.
- [Who & What Defines Terrorism? & How Much Trust Do We Put Into Our Sources?: Subjectivity and credibility when defining & coding terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/09/02/who-what-defines-terrorism-how-much-trust-do-we-put-into-our-sources-subjectivity-and-credibility-when-defining-coding-terrorism/): Who and What Defines Terrorism? & How Much Trust Do We Put Into Our Sources?: The issue of subjectivity and credibility when defining and coding terrorism Catie Barry Of the many challenges posed when doing team-based research, consistency in coding and the process is essential when doing qualitative coding. To have a consistent method of
- [Freedom of Information Act or Freedom to Pay for Information Act? ](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/03/22/freedom-of-information-act-or-freedom-to-pay-for-information-act/): Freedom of Information Act or Freedom to Pay for Information Act? Morgan Demboski When researching cases for the project, court documents are the jackpot of source files. I always feel a tiny bit of excitement when I am able to find a free indictment or plea document online. However, I think my excitement stems from
- [A Tweet as a Deadly Weapon: The State of Texas v. John Rayne Rivello](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/04/26/a-tweet-as-a-deadly-weapon-the-state-of-texas-v-john-rayne-rivello/): A Tweet as a Deadly Weapon: The State of Texas v. John Rayne Rivello Nitya Sunil Last Spring semester, while working on coding cases, I came across a case with characteristics that would determine prosecution for many future cases. The State of Texas v. John Rayne Rivello determines whether a tweet, or any message-sending medium utilized on
- [Locating Extremists Where They Strike: The Influence of Ideology and Geography on Terrorist Target Selection](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/04/19/locating-extremists-where-they-strike-the-influence-of-ideology-and-geography-on-terrorist-target-selection/): Locating Extremists Where They Strike: The Influence of Ideology and Geography on Terrorist Target Selection Isabel Bielamowicz and Kayla Groneck This is a brief summary of a 14-week research project we designed and carried out, the purpose of which was to identify the relationships between geographic location, ideological affiliation, and physical target for cases of
- [How Childhood Experiences Shape Belief Systems: Psychology behind the Ritchie case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/04/12/how-childhood-experiences-shape-belief-systems-psychology-behind-the-ritchie-case/): How Childhood Experiences Shape Belief Systems: Psychology behind the Ritchie case Megan Roques (@meganroques) When coding cases, we examine multiple cases with various motivations in order to determine if they fit the inclusion criteria. Lately, most of the cases that I have found have been the result of scraping documents and databases. Therefore, coding these
- [Deportation Station: What Makes a Guilty Defendant More Likely to be Deported?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/04/05/2298/): Deportation Station: What Makes a Guilty Defendant More Likely to be Deported? Zoe Belford This is a brief summary of a 14-week research project I designed and carried out, assessing what conditions lead to an increased likelihood of deportation following a guilty verdict in a United States terrorism prosecution, as well as if and how
- [The Process and Difficulties of Coding the Twenty-Year Old 1998 U.S. Embassy Bombings Case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/03/29/2292/): The Process and Difficulties of Coding the Twenty-Year Old 1998 U.S. Embassy Bombings Case Sara Godfrey On August 7th, 1998, trucks armed with explosives simultaneously detonated outside U.S. embassies in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya, bringing public attention for many to al-Qaeda for the first time. The explosions killed 224 people and injured
- [Gender Disparities in Crimes of Political Violence: Revealing tPP's Strengths and Limitations](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/03/08/gender-disparities-in-crimes-of-political-violence-revealing-tpps-strengths-and-limitations/): Gender Disparities in Crimes of Political Violence: Revealing tPP's Strengths and Limitations Kayla Groneck Taking a step back from coding further cases for the dataset, tPP's researchers wanted to take the time to answer some of the questions which had arisen around the trends we identified over months of researching and coding prosecutions of political
- [Conclusion: Collective reflections on tPP and undergraduate scholarship](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/02/24/1913/): This post concludes our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 9 Conclusion: Collective reflections on tPP and undergraduate scholarship by Anwyn Bishop, Kathryn Blowers, Megan Burtis, Morgan Demboski, Lauren Donahoe, Sara Godfrey, Brendan McNamara, Stephanie Sorich, and Madison Weaver Our team
- ["What's in a name?": The construction of eco-terrorism and legal repercussions of the AEPA/AETA](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/02/19/whats-in-a-name-the-construction-of-eco-terrorism-and-legal-repercussions-of-the-aepa-aeta/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 8 "What's in a name?": The construction of eco-terrorism and legal repercussions of the AEPA/AETA by Athena Chapekis and Sarah Moore The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines domestic terrorism as“the
- [Gender, jail, and injustice: Gender interaction effects on judicial sentencing rhetoric](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/02/15/gender-jail-and-injustice-gender-interaction-effects-on-judicial-sentencing-rhetoric-2/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 7 Gender, jail, and injustice: Gender interaction effects on judicial sentencing rhetoric by Madison Weaver and Alexandria Doty One of the main goals of tPP is to examine how political violence
- [Labeling terrorism before and after 9/11](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/01/18/labeling-terrorism-before-and-after-9-11/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled "Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method" Chapter 3 Labeling terrorism before and after 9/11 by Lauren Donahoe 11 September 2001 was a significant turning point in the history of domestic terrorism. This event impacted how American citizens perceive
- [Friend or foe?: An analysis of factors influencing sentence length in the prosecution of terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/01/25/friend-or-foe-an-analysis-of-factors-influencing-sentence-length-in-the-prosecution-of-terrorism/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 4 Friend or foe?: An analysis of factors influencing sentence length in the prosecution of terrorism by Megan Burtis and Liz Butler The Federal Sentencing Guidelines provide a template for the
- [What tactic to choose?: Examining the relationship between ideological affiliation and tactic choice](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/02/01/1883/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 5 What tactic to choose?: Examining the relationship between ideological affiliation and tactic choice by Elizabeth Springer When committing an act of political violence, a person’s motivations and the message they
- [The impact of foreign affiliation and citizenship on the prosecution of political violence in the United States](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/02/08/the-impact-of-foreign-affiliation-and-citizenship-on-the-prosecution-of-political-violence-in-the-united-states/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled “Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method” Chapter 6 The impact of foreign affiliation and citizenship on the prosecution of political violence in the United States by Isabel Bielamowicz Through utilizing a grounded theory approach to the Prosecution Project
- [Signals of how and why socio-politically motivated crimes are completed](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/01/11/signals-of-how-and-why-socio-politically-motivated-crimes-are-completed/): This post continues our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled "Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method" Chapter 2 Signals of how and why socio-politically motivated crimes are completed by Tia Turner and Brenda Uriona Attacks against others, whether extremist, politically motivated, crimes of hatred, as well as those
- [Introducing the Prosecution Project 2017-2020: Its aims and means](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2021/01/08/introducing-the-prosecution-project-2017-2020-its-aims-and-means/): This post begins our series sharing pre-publication versions of chapter introductions in our upcoming book titled "Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method" Chapter 1 Introducing the Prosecution Project 2017-2020: Its aims and means by Michael Loadenthal What is tPP and what is in this book? The Prosecution Project (tPP) is a long-term research platform
- [Input and Output: Opportunities Afforded to tPP Team Members](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/04/input-and-output-opportunities-afforded-to-tpp-team-members/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team.Input and Output: Opportunities Afforded to tPP Team MembersIzzy BielamowiczOver the course of my time with tPP, I have been offered numerous opportunities by our executive director Dr. Michael Loadenthal and by the project itself. These opportunities have led to invaluable experiences
- [The Intricacy of Ideology](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/16/the-intricacy-of-ideology/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team.The Intricacy of IdeologyEmma LovejoyThrough the focus which The Prosecution Project (tPP) gives to the particular ideologies of subjects, our team members have the opportunity to observe a wide array of philosophies. In many cases, personal definitions and identities by the subject
- [The Business of Governmental Privacy](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/13/the-business-of-governmental-privacy/): This continues our series of student reflections and?analysis authored by our research team.The business of governmental privacyMegan RoquesOne of the most frustrating parts of finding minor federal/state cases are gathering the official case files. Some states have an impressive amount of court records on file for free such as Arizona, California, or Illinois. Other states
- [Secondary Sources - Can They Be More Useful Than Primary Sources?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/10/07/secondary-sources-can-they-be-more-useful-than-primary-sources/): Secondary Sources - Can They Be More Useful Than Primary Sources? Margaret Kolozsvary For the work that we do at The Prosecution Project, it is crucial that we have an abundance of sources that we can turn to when we are looking for additional cases to add to our growing database. While we can use
- [Source Files for Older Cases: Luck or Skill?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/09/29/source-files-for-older-cases-luck-or-skill/): Source Files for Older Cases: Luck or Skill? Katherine Coate Finding accurate source files is an integral part of coding cases because it is how we find the information to correctly fill in variables. Some cases, especially more well-known cases, are easy to find, but others, especially older cases, take a lot of digging and
- [Future Considerations: Relationship to the Group Variable](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/09/22/future-considerations-relationship-to-the-group-variable/): Future Considerations: Relationship to the Group Variable Nitya Sunil Salman Rashid was arrested for contacting a confidential human source who he assumed was a member of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS. The Department of Justice stated that Rashid wanted to instruct members of ISIS to conduct an attack on his behalf
- [When a Defendant is Charged at both the Federal Level & State Level](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/08/26/when-a-defendant-is-charged-at-both-the-federal-level-state-level/): When a Defendant is Charged at both the Federal Level & State Level Izzy Bielamowicz Although it is not a common occurrence in practice, there are a handful of cases within tPP’s dataset which fall under the jurisdiction of both the federal government and the state government. In these cases, a defendant has been charged
- [The One Where the Defendant is Already Serving a Life Sentence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/07/29/the-one-where-the-defendant-is-already-serving-a-life-sentence/): The One Where the Defendant is Already Serving a Life Sentence Izzy Bielamowicz One of the more confusing cases that I have studied and coded in my time with tPP is the ‘Fleurinord’ group case, which I completed with my partner earlier this semester. This particular case includes three defendants: Hitler Fleurinord, Billy Alexander, and
- [Coding the Ruby Ridge Incident](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/08/19/coding-the-ruby-ridge-incident/): Coding the Ruby Ridge Incident Caitlin Marsengill During the Spring 2020 coding term, my coding partner Maddie Weaver and I decided to clean some of the unclaimed cases out of the team spreadsheet. We ended up picking out a bunch of older cases, primarily from the 1990’s and early 2000’s. At first, I was apprehensive,
- [An Update on Updating Cases: The Success of the tPP Updates Calendar](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/08/12/an-update-on-updating-cases-the-success-of-the-tpp-updates-calendar/): An Update on Updating Cases: The Success of the tPP Updates Calendar Sara Godfrey During the Spring 2020 term, two students and I began tackling tPP's backlog of over 650 cases waiting for updates. To do this in an organized and systematic fashion, a team calendar was created to track sentencing dates. Over the summer,
- [Redeeming Redemption: What Cost?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/08/05/redeeming-redemption-what-cost/): Redeeming Redemption: What Cost? Megan Roques (@meganroques) The purpose of terrorism research is to understand the roots of terrorism, how to suppress these acts or minimize their impact in a large-scale. Thanks to the work of many individuals in the realm of academia, we have made great progress in the field. However, one source of
- [Life in Prison over Childhood Beliefs: Psychology behind the Ritchie case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/07/21/life-in-prison-over-childhood-beliefs-psychology-behind-the-ritchie-case/): Life in Prison over Childhood Beliefs: Psychology behind the Ritchie case Megan Roques (@meganroques) When coding cases, we examine multiple cases with various motivations in order to determine if they fit the inclusion criteria. Lately, most of the cases that I have found have been the result of scraping documents and databases. Therefore, coding these
- [New York Bail Reform and Its Implications on a tPP Case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/07/14/new-york-bail-reform-and-its-implications-on-a-tpp-case/): New York Bail Reform and Its Implications on a tPP Case Caitlin Marsengill New York’s well intended cash bail reform policy has created unintended consequences and sparked controversy in policymakers, law enforcement, and the public in one fell swoop. On January 1, 2020, New York’s new bail reform policy went into effect. They are following
- [The Changing Nature of Assault & Hate Crimes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/07/08/the-changing-nature-of-assault-hate-crimes/): The Changing Nature of Assault & Hate Crimes Nitya Sunil Last Spring semester, while working on coding cases, I came across a case with characteristics that would determine prosecution for many future cases. The State of Texas v. John Rayne Rivello determines whether a tweet, or any message-sending medium utilized on the Internet, can be
- [The Impact of COVID-19 on the Criminal Justice System and tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/06/27/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-criminal-justice-system-and-tpp/): The Impact of COVID-19 on the Criminal Justice System and tPP Morgan Demboski No one can deny that we are in an unprecedented - albeit historic - time for both the U.S. and the world. Every person and entity is trying to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the best way possible, and everyone is
- [Further Considerations on COVID-19 and Its Influence on tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/06/22/further-considerations-on-covid-19-and-its-influence-on-tpp/): Further Considerations on COVID-19 and Its Influence on tPP Stephanie Sorich In March of 2020, classes at our former university home of the Project, were put on a “temporary” hold in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and eventually moved online for the remainder of the year. While not all members of tPP participate through
- [Laptop Lectures](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/06/17/laptop-lectures/): Laptop Lectures Madison Weaver While we have all been suspended from face-to-face instruction as of March 10th, 2020, fortunately, our tPP team is accustomed to working in a decentralized manner and using technology to its fullest. We have team members that work day-by-day in the classroom setting while others contribute from hundreds of miles away.
- [The Roaring Twenty-Twenties: White Nationalism Rising and the Coronavirus](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/07/03/the-roaring-twenty-twenties-white-nationalism-rising-and-the-coronavirus/): The Roaring Twenty-Twenties: White Nationalism Rising and the Coronavirus Zion Miller While the Prosecution Project’s objectives primarily relate to how sociopolitical crimes are prosecuted, the Project also studies the trends of how and who commits sociopolitical crime change over time. Examples of past trends was a large right-wing anti-government movement during the 1990s, a massive
- [COVID-19’s Effects on Crime Reporting and Case Management](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/06/02/covid-19s-effects-on-crime-reporting-and-case-management/): COVID-19’s Effects on Crime Reporting and Case Management Catie Barry With millions of people out of work due to government-mandated stay-at-home orders, it leaves the streets seemingly much more riddled with crime. With websites such as Time, Forbes and PBS reporting a significant decrease in crime due to the pandemic, it leaves the public believing
- [A brand new website!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/31/a-brand-new-website/): Hello world! Welcome to our brand new site! As we transition away from our prior institutional host, we felt it was important to host and manage our own website, and here it is! There are still some broken links and other cosmetic fixes, but bear with us as we complete this change and get ready
- [A Focus on Organization and Uniformity](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/28/a-focus-on-organization-and-uniformity/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team. A Focus on Organization and Uniformity Morgan Demboski As the project grows and matures, the processes and content are changing, which creates non-uniformity in the dataset between our past cases and the cases we are adding and coding currently. In our
- [COVID-19 Terrorist Threats](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/07/covid-19-terrorist-threats/)
- [The Problems of Legitimacy in Discussing Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/23/the-problems-of-legitimacy-in-discussing-terrorism/)
- [New To Terrorist Studies](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/14/new-to-terrorist-studies/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team. New To Terrorist Studies Justeen Jackson As I sat at my desk, the computer open, coffee in-hand, and I closed my eyes for a deep breath. Being a newbie, I was assigned to begin my work with The Prosecution Project as
- [Benefits of �Face-to-face Instruction�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/06/benefits-of-face-to-face-instruction/)
- [A New Procedure For Updating Pending Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/07/a-new-procedure-for-updating-pending-cases/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team. A New Procedure For Updating Pending Cases Sara Godfrey Our tPP team prides itself on efficiency and productivity. Therefore, when I found out there was an odd number of students participating in our class-time block I knew I had to be
- [New Spring 2020 tPP Syllabus Available!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/22/new-spring-2020-tpp-syllabus-available/): As the Prosecution Project has grown and changed, it has benefitted from utilizing the classroom. We have used the shared space as a laboratory, workshop, assembly line, and debate stage for developing our processes and concepts. Nearly each semester we have been able to host a twice a week class to get students in the
- [Miami University Top Stories: "Prosecution Project examines how sociopolitical crimes are prosecuted"�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/17/miami-university-top-stories-prosecution-project-examines-how-sociopolitical-crimes-are-prosecuted/): Today, Miami University's 'Top Stories' featured an article about our team entitled "Prosecution Project examines how sociopolitical crimes are prosecuted."
- [Preparing a report for the US Army War College](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/13/preparing-a-report-for-the-us-army-war-college/): In December 2019, tPP was contacted by an individual with the United States Army War College seeking assistance with data. This individual asked if we could provide a number of measures of criminal defendants in order to compare defendants with and without military histories. After a few emails and a phone call to ensure we
- [Combating Hate: What is it going to take?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/09/combating-hate-what-is-it-going-to-take/)
- [tPP's Research Showing Up in the News](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/02/tpps-research-showing-up-in-the-news/)
- [Former Team Members](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/13/former-team-members/)
- [Excluded Cases and Why They�re Still Important](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/05/02/excluded-cases-and-why-theyre-still-important/)
- [Public Access to Data](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/29/public-access-to-data/)
- [A Woman's Place: Not in the Kitchen, but in Political Extremism?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/25/a-womans-place-not-in-the-kitchen-but-in-political-extremism/)
- [My Year in Review](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/08/my-year-in-review/)
- [The Evolution of tPP: Pros and Cons](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/04/the-evolution-of-tpp-pros-and-cons/)
- [All People are Equal, but Some People are More Equal than Others](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/21/all-people-are-equal-but-some-people-are-more-equal-than-others/)
- [Not All Who are Charged are Tried : The �Charged but Not Tried� Variable](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/17/not-all-who-are-charged-are-tried-the-charged-but-not-tried-variable/)
- [The Case of Keith Luke (Part 3 of 3: analysis and reflections)](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/21/the-case-of-keith-luke-part-3-of-3-analysis-and-reflections/)
- [Coding Women in Political Violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/13/coding-women-in-political-violence/)
- [How We Decided to Code for U.S. Nationals Who Are Not U.S. Citizens](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/09/how-we-decided-to-code-for-u-s-nationals-who-are-not-u-s-citizens/)
- [Headlines and Public Perception of Hate Crimes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/05/headlines-and-public-perception-of-hate-crimes/)
- [Evolving Coders](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/04/01/evolving-coders/)
- [The Realities of Research Work: A semester reflection](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/30/the-realities-of-research-work-a-semester-reflection/)
- [�USEB98�: The Process of Completing a Twenty-Year-Old Case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/30/useb98-the-process-of-completing-a-twenty-year-old-case/)
- [Remote Coding: a Future Idea for the Prosecution Project](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/26/1067/)
- [Media Framing in Terrorism Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/24/media-framing-in-terrorism-cases/)
- [Reflections from a first-semester team member](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/22/reflections-from-a-first-semester-team-member/)
- [Coding: The efficiency of Group Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/20/coding-the-efficiency-of-group-cases/)
- [On the hardship of managing big data](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/18/on-the-hardship-of-managing-big-data/)
- [�Othered�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/12/othered/)
- [Growth Means Change](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/14/growth-means-change/)
- [The Intricacies of Coding Group Cases and their relationship with Pacer](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/08/the-intricacies-of-coding-group-cases-and-their-relationship-with-pacer/)
- [Criminal gangs and Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/06/criminal-gangs-and-terrorism/): In late November 2019, federal, state and local law enforcement led a series of arrests and seizures in Georgia. According to a typical news account: A multi-agency investigation in north Georgia has led to several federal charges and 13 arrests across two states in connection with a major criminal organization...two search warrants were executed...led to
- [On the Topic of Efficiency�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/12/08/on-the-topic-of-efficiency/)
- [Coding Hate Crimes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/03/04/coding-hate-crimes/)
- [The Case of Keith Luke (Part 1 of 3: general overview & background)](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/20/the-case-of-keith-luke-part-1-of-3-general-overview-background/)
- [The Intersections of Members within Foreign Terrorism Organizations and Gender found While Coding](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/29/the-intersections-of-members-within-foreign-terrorism-organizations-and-gender-found-while-coding/)
- [The Siege at Ruby Ridge](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/25/the-siege-at-ruby-ridge/)
- [Keeping Up with the Codebook](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/17/keeping-up-with-the-codebook/)
- [Do the Young Feel More Embolden to Act in Extreme ways](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/05/do-the-young-feel-more-embolden-to-act-in-extreme-ways/)
- [The Case of Keith Luke (Part 2 of 3: prosecution and legal proceedings)](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/02/01/the-case-of-keith-luke-part-2-of-3-prosecution-and-legal-proceedings/)
- [Coding the �Uncategorized�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/28/coding-the-uncategorized/)
- [Source Scraping and Coding Confirmation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/24/source-scraping-and-coding-confirmation/)
- [It�s the Government�s Say (Part 2): On the Topic of �Other Status�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/16/its-the-governments-say-part-2-on-the-topic-of-other-status/)
- [Inter-Coder Reliability Between Projects](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2020/01/12/inter-coder-reliability-between-projects/)
- [Scraping the Violence Project's Mass Shooter Database (part 2 of 2)](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/22/scraping-the-violence-projects-mass-shooter-database-part-2-of-2/): Reflecting back on the quick scraping exercise employing the Violence Project's Mass Shooter Database (detailed in a previous blog post), I was puzzled by one thing. In thinking through my own mental list of mass shootings which meet the criteria for inclusion with tPP, I was not able to determine why the 2009 shooting at
- [Scraping the Violence Project's Mass Shooter Database (part 1 of 2)](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/19/scraping-the-violence-projects-mass-shooter-database/): The thoughtful Greg Reese from Miami's Research Computing Support sent our team a link to a news story today. The email was titled, "Might have relevance to your work" and linked to a story by Vice News, "Nearly All Mass Shooters Since 1966 Have Had 4 Things in Common." This article presents a recent data
- [It�s the Government�s Say (Part 1): On the Topic of Variable �State Speech Act�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/19/its-the-governments-say-part-1-on-the-topic-of-variable-state-speech-act/)
- [tPP featured by Office for the Advancement of Research and Scholarship](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/14/tpp-featured-by-office-for-the-advancement-of-research-and-scholarship/): Today, the Prosecution Project was profiled in a piece by the Miami University Office for the Advancement of Research and Scholarship. To read the story click here!
- [Suck an Answer out of your Thumb: A Scientific CIA Analysis of Homegrown Violent Extremism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/10/31/suck-an-answer-out-of-your-thumb-a-scientific-cia-analysis-of-homegrown-violent-extremism/)
- [Excluding the Political Extremists�](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/28/excluding-the-political-extremists/)
- [People vs. Property and the Ambiguity of Data](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/24/people-vs-property-and-the-ambiguity-of-data/)
- [Not Your Stereotypical Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/17/not-your-stereotypical-terrorism/)
- [On tPP�s 3-step Verification Process](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/12/on-tpps-3-step-verification-process/)
- [Bias in Coding: How Precise Variables Lead to Unbiased Results](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/08/bias-in-coding-how-precise-variables-lead-to-unbiased-results/)
- [Paying for Court Documents - An Infringement of Rights?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/11/04/paying-for-court-documents-an-infringement-of-rights/)
- [New Variable: Hate Crimes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/10/10/new-variable-hate-crimes/): Since tPP began, we have noticed a rapid increase in defendants being charged with hate crimes. In some cases, hate crimes are used as 'enhancements' to other charges, while in other cases, such a designation represents a rhetorical attempt to label the crime as bias-motivated. In order to help capture this emerging reality, the tPP
- [On Codes, Code Books and Coding](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/10/18/on-codes-code-books-and-coding/)
- [Coding and Starting Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/10/11/coding-and-starting-cases/)
- [Problems with Pacer and How it Affects Our Team](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/10/04/problems-with-pacer-and-how-it-affects-our-team/)
- [Initial Reflections on a New Semester of Coders](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/09/09/initial-reflections-on-a-new-semester-of-coders/)
- [USA Today cites tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/05/30/usa-today-cites-tpp/): We're very proud to see that the amazing work of our student researchers was quoted today by USA Today in their article, "AOC says she gets death threats after organizations air 'hateful messages' about her". We hope to be a resource to media, policy makers, researchers and advocates in the years to come as our
- [tPP's first journal publication!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/08/05/tpps-first-journal-publication/): We at tPP could not be more pleased to announce that in April 2019, two members of our Steering Team published the first peer-reviewed journal article based around the Prosecution Project data set! The stellar team of Athena Chapekis and Sarah M. Moore published, "The prosecution of 'others': presidential rhetoric and the interrelation of framing,
- [Financial Crimes and Inclusion in tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/07/22/financial-crimes-and-inclusion-in-tpp/)
- [Why don't we include extremists who commit non-extremist related crimes?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/07/29/why-dont-we-include-extremists-who-commit-non-extremist-related-crimes/)
- [Locating Extremists Where They Strike: Ideological and Geographic Influences on Terrorist Target Selection](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/07/15/locating-extremists-where-they-strike-ideological-and-geographic-influences-on-terrorist-target-selection/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. Locating Extremists Where They Strike: Ideological and Geographic Influences on Terrorist Target Selection Isabel Bielamowicz and Kayla Groneck
- [An Exploratory Dive into the Dark Network Links of Far-Right tPP Cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/06/17/an-exploratory-dive-into-the-dark-network-links-of-far-right-tpp-cases/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. An Exploratory Dive into the Dark Network Links of Far-Right tPP Cases Meg Drown There has been a mass movement by far-right extremists to
- [The Influence Ideological Affiliation Can Have on Length of Prison Sentence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/07/08/the-influence-ideological-affiliation-can-have-on-length-of-prison-sentence/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. The Influence Ideological Affiliation Can Have on Length of Prison Sentence Monica Gomes When it comes to the ideological affiliation of a criminal and
- [Age and Ideological Affiliation in Terrorism: As Reported in tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/07/01/age-and-ideological-affiliation-in-terrorism-as-reported-in-tpp/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. Age and Ideological Affiliation in Terrorism: As Reported in tPP Preet Patel The results of my research represent various statistics regarding age, ideological affiliation,
- [Gender, Jail, and Injustice: Gender Interaction Effects on Judicial Sentencing Rhetoric](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/06/24/gender-jail-and-injustice-gender-interaction-effects-on-judicial-sentencing-rhetoric/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. Gender, Jail, and Injustice: Gender Interaction Effects on Judicial Sentencing Rhetoric Maddie Weaver & Alexandria Doty The
- [Friend of Foe?: An Analysis of Factors Influencing Sentence Length in the Prosecution of Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/06/10/friend-of-foe-an-analysis-of-factors-influencing-sentence-length-in-the-prosecution-of-terrorism/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. Friend of Foe?: An Analysis of Factors Influencing Sentence Length in the Prosecution of Terrorism Megan Burtis & Liz Butler Our research project utilized
- [Deportation Station: How the United States Decides Who Stays and Who Goes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/06/03/deportation-station-how-the-united-states-decides-who-stays-and-who-goes/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. Deportation Station: How the United States Decides Who Stays and Who Goes Zoe Belford My paper assessed what conditions lead to an increased likelihood
- [How and Why Socio-Politically Motivated Crimes are Completed](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/05/27/how-and-why-socio-politically-motivated-crimes-are-completed/): The posts below are brief summaries of 14-week research projects designed and carried out by our student team. tPP plans to release the full studies as peer-reviewed publications in the future. How and Why Socio-Politically Motivated Crimes are Completed Tia Turner and Brenda Uriona Brian Jackson, a senior physical scientist at the RAND Corporation, and
- [tPP Preliminary Statistical Report #4 of 5](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/05/13/tpp-preliminary-statistical-report-4-of-5/)
- [tPP Preliminary Statistical Report #5 of 5](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/05/20/tpp-preliminary-statistical-report-5-of-5/)
- [tPP Preliminary Statistical Report #1 of 5](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/04/25/tpp-preliminary-statistical-report-1-of-5/): The following report was completed by statistics students utilizing a version of tPP dataset as of March 13, 2019. These analyses are focused on developing models for future use, and the interpretations and conclusions they contain reflect a dataset still in development, and only a superficial engagement with the wider literature on political violence. We
- [tPP Preliminary Statistical Report #2 of 5](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/04/29/tpp-preliminary-statistical-report-2-of-5/)
- [tPP Preliminary Statistical Report #3 of 5](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/05/06/tpp-preliminary-statistical-report-3-of-5/)
- [So what do tPP team members do?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/04/08/so-what-do-tpp-team-members-do/): As we begin recruiting for the next class of tPP students, I have been receiving a lot of emails asking what exactly being part of the team entails. Well, in the fall, tPP will be ran through SJS497 where we will learn data science and methodology skillsets in the classroom each Tuesday, and then practice
- [tPP forms its Fall 2019 team!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/03/20/tpp-forms-its-fall-2019-team/): Hello current & future tPP team members! We are excited to announce that we will continue to build, refine and analyze the tPP data set this fall through a new course, SJS497, which Miami University students are welcome and encouraged to enroll in to serve on the project for the Fall 2019 semester. This is
- [tPP's brand new tri-fold pamphlet](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/03/26/tpps-brand-new-tri-fold-pamphlet/): Here at tPP, we believe in communicating. We want to be in communication with scholars, with journalists, with policy makers and anyone who would like to engage with complex questions. To that end, we have recently completed designing a tri-fold pamphlet in conjunction with Nando Zegarra, Kendall Erickson, and the folks at Miami University's SLANT
- [tPP crunches the numbers for news report](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/03/26/tpp-crunches-the-numbers-for-news-report/): In what we hope will be a recurring pattern, tPP was contacted by a reporter investigating threats against elected officials. Since we have a rather unique data set, we were able to provide the investigator with a quantitative breakdown of our relevant cases, as well as speak to him on the phone to provide context,
- [Faults in Statistical Analysis and tPP's Solutions](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/02/04/faults-in-statistical-analysis-and-tpps-solutions/)
- [Reexamining the Codebook](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/11/reexamining-the-codebook/)
- [Who are informants and what role do they play in prosecutions?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/28/who-are-informants-and-what-role-do-they-play-in-prosecutions/): This continues our series of student reflections and analysis authored by our research team. Within the tPP dataset, there is a code that involves informants. It is a binary variable and indicates whether or not an informant was used for the defendant. Most of the informants within our dataset are from the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- [Case Studies in FTO Affiliation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/07/cast-studies-in-fto-affiliation/)
- [Group Affiliation and Ideologies Through Heat Maps](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/12/group-affiliation-and-ideologies-through-heat-maps/)
- [Data Validity Issues](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/20/data-validity-issues/)
- [Mapping](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/25/mapping/)
- [On the Analyses of the Prosecution Project (tPP) Dataset](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/14/on-the-analyses-of-the-prosecution-project-tpp-dataset/)
- [tPP in the (Miami) news!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/16/tpp-in-the-miami-news/)
- [Further Exploration of the Role Played by Pleas](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/19/further-exploration-of-the-role-played-by-pleas/)
- [The impact of 9/11 on terrorism prosecutions](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/22/the-impact-of-9-11-on-terrorism-prosecutions/)
- [Exploring the Post-9/11 Dragnet](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/25/exploring-the-post-9-11-dragnet/)
- [Gender Disparity in Political Crimes: Revealing tPP�s Strengths and Limitations](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/28/gender-disparity-in-political-crimes-revealing-tpps-strengths-and-limitations/)
- [Excluded Cases and Why They Remain Important](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/04/excluded-cases-and-why-they-remain-important/)
- [tPP in the news again! This time a short video interview with project Director](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/05/tpp-in-the-news-again-this-time-a-short-video-interview-with-project-director/): Following coverage of tPP by our university news, tPP Director Dr. Michael Loadenthal sat down with Sinclair Broadcast Group for a 30-minute interview about the project, the state of political violence in the US, and the challenges of researching these matters. From this interview we are happy to share a short segment produced by Sinclair
- [A Codebook 2.0?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/08/a-codebook-2-0/)
- [From the Mob to Terrorists: How RICO has Affected Prosecutions](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/17/from-the-mob-to-terrorists-how-rico-has-affected-prosecutions/)
- [Exploring Geographical Aspects of the tPP Dataset](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/21/exploring-geographical-aspects-of-the-tpp-dataset/)
- [Geography and Terrorism: Are You Likely to be Attacked?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/26/geography-and-terrorism-are-you-likely-to-be-attacked/)
- [Who gets called a terrorist?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/12/30/who-gets-called-a-terrorist/)
- [Where RICO Stands Now, and Where it has the Potential to Go](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/14/where-rico-stands-now-and-where-it-has-the-potential-to-go/)
- [The Internet and Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/18/the-internet-and-terrorism/)
- [Death Penalty Cases in Relation to Othered Status](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2019/01/21/death-penalty-cases-in-relation-to-othered-status/)
- [Rhetoric of Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/10/rhetoric-of-terrorism/)
- [On coding for the variable of 'othered'](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/14/on-coding-for-the-variable-of-othered/)
- [Another update from tPP!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/18/another-update-from-tpp/)
- [Policy Spotlight](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/23/policy-spotlight/)
- [Insight into tPP�s Coding Process through Case Study: Dylann Roof](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/29/insight-into-tpps-coding-process-through-case-study-dylann-roof/)
- [Mental Illness and Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/01/mental-illness-and-terrorism/)
- [Are hate crimes terrorism?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/04/are-hate-crimes-terrorism/)
- [On tPP's Decision Tree](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/07/on-tpps-decision-tree/)
- [The fine line between informants and instigators: a look into entrapment in terrorism cases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/11/the-fine-line-between-informants-and-instigators-a-look-into-entrapment-in-terrorism-cases/)
- [Upcoming tPP Publication](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/16/upcoming-tpp-publication/)
- [Want to join tPP for the Spring semester?](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/17/want-to-join-tpp-for-the-spring-semester/): Now entering its 5th semester, the Prosecution Project (tPP) is currently recruiting a limited number of student researchers and analysts for the Spring semester. tPP is a large data collection and analysis project that seeks to understand trends in how political violence, terrorism, and extremism are prosecuted in the US court system. The project involves
- [On the Coding of Foreign Affiliation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/21/on-the-coding-of-foreign-affiliation/)
- [Evaluating �Success� in Terrorism and Counterterrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/24/evaluating-success-in-terrorism-and-counterterrorism/)
- [The Evolution of tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/27/the-evolution-of-tpp/)
- [On lone wolves and leaderless resistance](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/10/30/311/)
- [How the court responds to your plea](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/02/how-the-court-responds-to-your-plea/)
- [Exploring pleas](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/05/exploring-pleas/)
- [On Additional Sentencing and Deportation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/08/on-additional-sentencing-and-deportation/)
- [Military Trends in Political Violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/11/11/military-trends-in-political-violence/)
- [Greetings from tPP!](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/09/07/greetings-from-tpp/)
- [Slow steps forward with Twitter](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/06/14/slow-steps-forward-with-twitter/): Yesterday, the Prosecution Project took a bold step forward, dipping its foot ever-so-slightly into the world of social media. We now present to you our Twitter feed! While I must admit that we're not quite sure the function of this feed for the project, but allow me to propse two ways in which Twitter can
- [Building tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/2018/03/26/hello-world/): Hello from tPP! This blog will serve as a basis to report on the progress of our coding, analysis and reporting as we continue to study the way in which acts of political violence are prosecuted in the United States since 1990. Beginning in September 2018, we will post weekly updates for the project. Teams

## Pages

- [Home](https://theprosecutionproject.org/): The Prosecution Project (tPP) tracks political violence and socio-political crime--terrorism, extremism, hate/bias-motivated crimes, political protest--occurring in the United States.
- [tPP Includes...](https://theprosecutionproject.org/our-data-set-includes/): Cases are identified through a variety of sources and then assigned to a team of two coders. These two individuals code each case for over 50 variables and then compare their answers. Any discrepancies are negotiated and decided upon using the Codebook. The cases are then verified by a third coder, who checks to make
- [tPP in the News](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tpp-in-the-news/): 27 July 2026 “University Honors Program celebrates 10 years of undergraduate research through UHP Discover” [UC News] 28 April 2026 “To Counter Rising Political Violence, America Needs to Reinforce Its Early Warning Infrastructure” [Just Security] 19 February 2026 “Politically Motivated Killers: 51 Years of Terrorist Murders on US Soil, 1975–2025” [Cato Institute] 19 February 2026 “The price of
- [FAQ](https://theprosecutionproject.org/faq/): Questions about tPP? What are your inclusion criteria? Generally, we think of cases that are included as falling into four broad categories: terrorism, extremism, hate/bias crimes, or political protest. In order for a case to be included in tPP, it has to meet several criteria. First, the crime must have been charged in the United
- [Data Requests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/data-requests/): tPP fully encourages others to use our data for their own research purposes, as it is a collective effort to effectively advance the study of terrorism and political violence, form effective counterterrorism policies, and build community resilience to violent extremism. Researchers, students, journalists, policymakers, activists, and others interested in the Prosecution Project's data can make
- [Publications & Presentations](https://theprosecutionproject.org/presentations/): Academic Publications December 2025: Loadenthal, Michael and Cameron Tiefenthaler, Bella Tuffias-Mora, Hallie Filson, Carter Langham, Samantha Fagone, and Sarah Spurrier. Look Mom I'm on TV: Crowd-sourced policing, social media, and the prosecution of January 6 Capitol defendants. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2025.2595846. July 2024: Fagone, Samantha, The Accelerationist Events Dataset: Geographic and Time Trends, Accelerationism Research Consortium, https://www.accresearch.org/accreports/the-accelerationist-events-dataset-a-demographic-examination. May
- [Contact tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/contact-tpp/): Want to get in touch? Documents, media requests and other inquiries should be sent to us via the project Director, Dr. Michael Loadenthal (michael@theprosecutionproject.org)If you are interested in acquiring tPP’s data, please visit our “Data Requests” page for more information. If you are interested in joining the tPP team, please visit our “Join Our Team” page and
- [Join Our Team](https://theprosecutionproject.org/want-to-join-our-team/): Individuals joining the project as new team members serve a 4-month period as ‘pre-coders’, helping to identify new cases, evaluating cases for inclusion, collecting primary and secondary sources, and coding variables. From there, assuming quality work, pre-coders are promoted to “coders” and paired up with another team member, unlocking additional opportunities. Individuals need to budget 3-4
- [Summer-Fall 2020 George Floyd Protests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/summer-2020-protests/): Note: This page and the spreadsheet linked is not being updated as of December 2022. All new additions to the data can be found at our data access site https://data.theprosecutionproject.org/.Data specific to the Capitol can be found here, and data specific to the 2020 protests can be found here. These data tables will continue to be updated daily,
- [Winter 2021 Capitol Siege](https://theprosecutionproject.org/january-6th-capital-protests/): Note: This page and the spreadsheet linked is not being updated as of December 2022. All new additions to the data can be found at our data access site https://data.theprosecutionproject.org/.Data specific to the Capitol can be found here, and data specific to the 2020 protests can be found here. These data tables will continue to be updated daily,
- [Analytical Reports](https://theprosecutionproject.org/analytical-reports/): Reports & Data Prepared on RequestWe are currently in the process of documenting past data requests (2017-2023). The listing below represents a small sample of the inquiries we were able to assist with in Winter 2019-Summer 2020. July 2020: tPP data and early analysis provided to Sarah Lazare, In These TimesJuly 2020: tPP data provided to Combating Terrorism
- [Overview & Project Description](https://theprosecutionproject.org/overview-project-description/): The Prosecution Project (tPP) is a long-term, Open-Source Intelligence research platform tracking and providing an analysis of felony criminal cases involving illegal political violence occurring in the United States since 1990. Through identification, analysis, and assessment of thousands of cases, tPP seeks to identify correlations between who a defendant is, how they are charged and
- [Advisory Board](https://theprosecutionproject.org/advisory-board/): tPP Advisory Board Mission Statement: The purpose of the Prosecution Project (tPP) advisory board is to bring together subject matter experts and data scientists external to Miami University who can help to guide the expanding project and advance its research in the public sphere. This elite team of advisors will serve as a sounding board
- [Defining Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/defining-terrorism/): The FBI defines domestic terrorism as: “Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature.”The FBI further defines a “federal crime of terrorism” as “an offense that is: (i) calculated to influence or affect the conduct
- [Our Data on the Capital Protests and Summer Uprisings](https://theprosecutionproject.org/prosecution-data-capital-protests-and-summer-uprisings/): Prosecution Data: Capitol Siege of January 6, 2021 Latest update: January 17, 2021Original post: January 14, 2021On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol building was breached by demonstrators as part of an attempt by supporters of President Trump to overturn the 2020 presidential election. Over one hundred law enforcement officers and an unknown number
- [Home](https://theprosecutionproject.org/home-2/)
- [Mission & Unique Contributions](https://theprosecutionproject.org/mission-unique-contributions/): Mission To develop and disseminate relevant findings concerning crime, criminal justice, and public policy through research, public scholarship, and student engagement. To leverage the potential insights of empirical research to better inform law enforcement practices, judicial policy, and criminal justice systems (i.e., policing, courts, corrections). To examine how political violence is prosecuted in the United States by exploring
- [About tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/about-tpp/)
- [Complementary Analyses](https://theprosecutionproject.org/complementary-analyses/): The Center for Investigative Reporting, Domestic Terror in the Age of Trump (David Neiwert, 2020) The Heritage Foundation, Terror Trends: 40 Years’ Data on International and Domestic Terrorism (David Muhlhausen and Jena Baker McNeill, 2011) The New York University School of Law, Center on Law and Security, Terrorist Trial Report Card: September 11, 2001-September 11, 2011 (Karen J. Greenberg,
- [Resources for Studying Political Violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/resources-for-studying-political-violence/): Databases & Datasets ADL's Hate, Extremism, Anti-Semitism, Terrorism (H.E.A.T.) Map Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (CPOST): Suicide Attack Database Counter Extremism Project's Terrorists and Extremists Database https://sites.google.com/site/ucinetsoftware/datasets/covert-networks Department of State: Country Reports on Terrorism First Vigil ICT's Incidents and Activists Database John Jay & ARTIS Transnational Terrorism Database (JJATT) Monterey WMD Terrorism Database ProPublica's
- [Prosecuting Political Violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/prosecuting-political-violence/): Here we provide information on criminal statues used in the prosecution of terrorism, extremism, and political violence Terrorism/Extremism-Focused 18 USC 113B - TERRORISM, Sec. 2331 - Definitions 18 USC 248 - Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) 18 USC 249 - Hate Crimes Acts 18 USC 871 - Threats against President and successors 18:1001.F

## Categories

- [Uncategorized](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/uncategorized/)
- [News & Updates](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/news-updates/)
- [Student entries](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/student-entries/)
- [sharing tPP](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/sharing-tpp/)
- [on process](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/on-process/)
- [on findings](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/on-findings/)
- [Prosecuting Political Violence: Collaborative Research and Method](https://theprosecutionproject.org/category/prosecuting-political-violence-collaborative-research-and-method/)

## Tags

- [social media](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/social-media/)
- [Political violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/political-violence/)
- [ideological affiliation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/ideological-affiliation/)
- [econometric techniques](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/econometric-techniques/)
- [tactic choice](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/tactic-choice/)
- [terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/terrorism/)
- [extremism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/extremism/)
- [Federal Sentencing Guidelines](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/federal-sentencing-guidelines/)
- [United States v. Booker](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/united-states-v-booker/)
- [Terrorism studies](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/terrorism-studies/)
- [Terroristic crimes](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/terroristic-crimes/)
- [Grounded theory](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/grounded-theory/)
- [Sentence length](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/sentence-length/)
- [U.S. justice system](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/u-s-justice-system/)
- [9/11](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/9-11/)
- [Cross-tabulations](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/cross-tabulations/)
- [Pearson’s chi-squared tests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/pearsons-chi-squared-tests/)
- [September 11 Attacks](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/september-11-attacks/)
- [Terrorism databases](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/terrorism-databases/)
- [January 6](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/january-6/)
- [2021](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/2021/)
- [Capital Siege](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/capital-siege/)
- [President Trump](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/president-trump/)
- [2020 Presidential election](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/2020-presidential-election/)
- [Derrick Evans](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/derrick-evans/)
- [Jake Angeli](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/jake-angeli/)
- [Nick Ochs](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/nick-ochs/)
- [Klete Keller](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/klete-keller/)
- [Capital riots](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/capital-riots/)
- [Henry Tarrio](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/henry-tarrio/)
- [right-wing extremism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/right-wing-extremism/)
- [Inciting a riot](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/inciting-a-riot/)
- [Capitol attack](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/capitol-attack/)
- [U.S. Capitol Building](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/u-s-capitol-building/)
- [George Floyd](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/george-floyd/)
- [BLM protests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/blm-protests/)
- [George Floyd protests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/george-floyd-protests/)
- [Summer-Fall protests](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/summer-fall-protests/)
- [Protest prosecution](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/protest-prosecution/)
- [Gender disparity](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/gender-disparity/)
- [Female political violence](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/female-political-violence/)
- [Terrorism prosecution](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/terrorism-prosecution/)
- [Gendered analysis](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/gendered-analysis/)
- [The Prosecution Project](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/the-prosecution-project/)
- [Far-right extremism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/far-right-extremism/)
- [Dark web](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/dark-web/)
- [Cryptocurrency](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/cryptocurrency/)
- [4chan](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/4chan/)
- [8chan](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/8chan/)
- [Gab](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/gab/)
- [Brenton Tarrant](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/brenton-tarrant/)
- [John Earnest](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/john-earnest/)
- [Bitcoin](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/bitcoin/)
- [Link analysis](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/link-analysis/)
- [Court documents](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/court-documents/)
- [PACER](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/pacer/)
- [Freedom of Information Act](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/freedom-of-information-act/)
- [State courts](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/state-courts/)
- [FOIA](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/foia/)
- [Public Access to Court Electronic Records](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/public-access-to-court-electronic-records/)
- [al-Qaeda](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/al-qaeda/)
- [1998 United States Embassy Bombings](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/1998-united-states-embassy-bombings/)
- [USEB98](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/useb98/)
- [Usama Bin Laden](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/usama-bin-laden/)
- [Muhammad Atef](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/muhammad-atef/)
- [Mamdouh Mahmud Salim](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/mamdouh-mahmud-salim/)
- [Sulaiman Abu Ghayth](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/sulaiman-abu-ghayth/)
- [Veteran status](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/veteran-status/)
- [tPP Advisory Board](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/tpp-advisory-board/)
- [Mosaic theory](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/mosaic-theory/)
- [Deportation](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/deportation/)
- [post-9/11 national security policy](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/post-9-11-national-security-policy/)
- [United States terrorism prosecution](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/united-states-terrorism-prosecution/)
- [Richard Phillip Ritchie](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/richard-phillip-ritchie/)
- [Kelly Jean Sorrell](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/kelly-jean-sorrell/)
- [Lightning bolt tattoos](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/lightning-bolt-tattoos/)
- [White supremacists](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/white-supremacists/)
- [Childhood experiences](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/childhood-experiences/)
- [Belief systems](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/belief-systems/)
- [Psychology](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/psychology/)
- [Inner and outer containment](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/inner-and-outer-containment/)
- [GIS software](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/gis-software/)
- [Geography](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/geography/)
- [Target type](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/target-type/)
- [Descriptive statistics](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/descriptive-statistics/)
- [Bias and prejudice enhancement](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/bias-and-prejudice-enhancement/)
- [Disability hate crime](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/disability-hate-crime/)
- [Epilepsy](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/epilepsy/)
- [Twitter](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/twitter/)
- [John Wayne Rivello](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/john-wayne-rivello/)
- [Aggravated assault](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/aggravated-assault/)
- [Kurt Eichenwald](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/kurt-eichenwald/)
- [Definition](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/definition/)
- [Waves of Terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/waves-of-terrorism/)
- [State-sponsored terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/state-sponsored-terrorism/)
- [Non-state entities](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/non-state-entities/)
- [Political](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/political/)
- [Regime de la terreur](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/regime-de-la-terreur/)
- [tactic](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/tactic/)
- [target](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/target/)
- [tactic selection](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/tactic-selection/)
- [target selection](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/target-selection/)
- [white supremacist](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/white-supremacist/)
- [eco-terrorism](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/eco-terrorism/)
- [auditing](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/auditing/)
- [audit](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/audit/)
- [group case](https://theprosecutionproject.org/tag/group-case/)